Islamic Inheritance Glossary
A comprehensive guide to Islamic inheritance terminology.
Asabah (Residuary) - Heirs who receive the remainder of the estate after fixed shares are distributed.
Fixed Shares (Faraid) - Specific portions of the estate defined in the Quran (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 2/3, 1/3, 1/6).
Awl (Oversubscription) - Proportional reduction of fixed shares when their sum exceeds the total estate (100%).
Radd (Return) - Proportional return of the remaining estate to fixed-share heirs when no residuary heirs exist.
Hajb (Blocking) - Exclusion of certain heirs from inheritance due to the presence of closer relatives.
Wasiyyah (Will/Bequest) - A deceased person's will, which cannot exceed one-third of the net estate and cannot be made for legal heirs.
Estate (Tarikah) - All wealth, property, and rights left behind by the deceased.
Net Estate - The distributable wealth remaining after paying the deceased's debts, funeral expenses, and valid bequests.
Grandfather (Paternal) - The father of the deceased's father. Acts as a substitute for the father if the father is deceased.
Grandmother - The mother of the deceased's mother or father. Inherits 1/6 if the mother is deceased.
Maternal Brother (Uterine) - Brother sharing the same mother but different fathers. Inherits fixed shares, not blocked by females.
Maternal Sister (Uterine) - Sister sharing the same mother but different fathers. Rules are identical to the maternal brother.
Paternal Brother (Consanguine) - Brother sharing the same father but different mothers. Blocked by full brothers.
Paternal Sister (Consanguine) - Sister sharing the same father but different mothers.
Nephew - Son of a full or paternal brother. Inherits as a residuary if closer male relatives are absent.
Uncle (Paternal) - Full or paternal brother of the deceased's father.